Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Laboratory Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM)
c/o FPO IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo (Turin), ITALY
Wednesday, 7 December 2022 | 12:00 noon – ICGEB Trieste, ITALY
Dynamics of T lymphocyte responses following vaccination
Host: F. Benvenuti
The immunogenicity, long term efficacy and widespread protective immunity represent key hallmarks of successful vaccination. Adenoviral- and mRNA- based vaccines can be used both to prevent and to treat diseases. In the context of COVID-19, understanding immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is of great interest, principally because of the poor knowledge about the mechanisms of immune protection, quality and durability of the induced adaptive immune responses against the ancestral virus and the emerging variants of concern. According to the magnitude and quality of the virus-specific B and T cell responses, we have identified high and low responders to mRNA vaccine. Importantly, low responders were less protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection (Nature Immunology, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41590-022-01313-z).
In the context of cancer, we show, by single cell multi-omics, that adenovirus (Ad) vaccine targeting tumor neoepitopes enhances anti-tumor efficacy, by promoting immunogenicity and broadening the spectrum and magnitude of neoantigen-specific T cells infiltrating tumors. The translational relevance of these data is supported by results obtained in the first patients with metastatic deficient mismatch repair tumors vaccinated with an Ad vaccine encoding shared neoantigens (Sci Transl Med, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.04.008).
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